U.S. Northern Command is executing plans to prepare for a potential pandemic of the novel coronavirus, now called COVID19, according to Navy and Marine Corps service-wide messages issued this week.
The Navy and Marine Corps messages, issued Tuesday and Wednesday, respectively, reference an executive order directing U.S. Northern Command to implement the Department of Defense Global Campaign plan for Pandemic Influenza and Infectious Diseases 3551-13.
Military Times The Marine Corps’ response to a pandemic outbreak focuses on five major areas: 1) Force Health Protection (FHP); 2) Disease Containment Planning (DCP) and Readiness; 3) Continuity of Operations (COOP); 4) Defense Support of Civilian Authorities (DSCA); and 5) Support to U.S. Government response efforts.
Marines.mil Emergency Action Plans are building-specific, short-term plans that details how occupants should evacuate or shelter-in-place, what type of fire alarm systems are present, and where to assemble if the building is evacuated. COOPs detail how an entire department or division would provide essential services and continue to function in an extended emergency event or disruption.
Princeton.edu Continuity of Operations (COOP), as defined
in the National Continuity Policy
Implementation Plan (NCPIP) and the
National Security Presidential Directive51/Homeland Security Presidential Directive20 (NSPD-51/HSPD-20), is an effort within
individual executive departments and agencies
to ensure that Primary Mission Essential
Functions (PMEFs) continue to be performed
during a wide range of emergencies, including
localized acts of nature, accidents and
technological or attack-related emergenci
To Learn More about
Continuity of Operations:
REGION III (DC, DE, MD, PA, VA,
WV): 215.931.5641
FEMA.gov DSCA [Defense Support of Civil Authorities]. Support provided by US
federal military forces, DOD [Department of Defense] civilians, DOD contract
personnel, DOD component assets, and National Guard forces (when the
Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Governors of the affected
States, elects and requests to use those forces in Title 32, US Code, status)
in response to requests for assistance from civil authorities for domestic
emergencies, law enforcement support, and other domestic activities, or
from qualifying entities for special events.
Emergency authority. A federal military commander’s authority, in
extraordinary emergency circumstances where prior authorization by the
President is impossible and duly constituted local authorities are unable to
control the situation, to engage temporarily in activities that are necessary
to quell large-scale, unexpected civil disturbances because (1) such
activities are necessary to prevent significant loss of life or wanton
destruction of property and are necessary to restore governmental function
and public order or (2) duly constituted federal, state, or local authorities are
unable or decline to provide adequate protection for federal property or
Federal governmental functions.
2. The Posse Comitatus Act (III-I)
a. The primary restriction on DOD participation in civilian law enforcement activities
is the PCA. The United States Navy (USN) and United States Marine Corps (USMC) are
included in this prohibition as a result of DOD policy articulated in DODI 3025.21, Defense
Support of Civilian Law Enforcement Agencies.
b. IAW DOD policy, unless specifically authorized by law, no DOD personnel in a
Title 10, USC, status will become involved in direct civilian law enforcement activities,
including, but not limited to, search, seizure, arrest, apprehension, stop and frisk,
surveillance, pursuit, interrogation, investigation, evidence collection, security functions,
traffic or crowd control, or similar activities, except in cases and under circumstances
expressly authorized by the President, Constitution, or act of Congress
c. These restrictions also apply to reserve members of the United States Army (USA),
USN, United States Air Force (USAF), and USMC who are on active duty, active duty for
training, or inactive duty training in a Title 10, USC, duty status.
d. The PCA does not apply to NG forces operating in state active duty or Title 32,
USC, status. [color:#FF0000]However, when the NG is operating under a Title 10, USC, status (federal
status), they are subject to the PCA.[/color] The PCA does not restrict the USCG, even when
operating under the USN, due to the USCG having inherent law enforcement authority
under Title 14, USC.
(2) Emergency Authority. Emergency authority should not be confused with
immediate response authority. Federal forces acting under immediate response authority
are still bound by the PCA and may not participate directly in law enforcement. Emergency
Supporting Civilian Law Enforcement Agencies
III-3
authority and actions taken under the Insurrection Act are expressed exceptions to the PCA.
Defense Support Civil Authorities PDF.milThe Army Reserve includes substantial capabilities vital in disaster response and stands ready to support lead agencies for domestic emergencies and disaster relief efforts.
10 U.S. Code Section 12304a, amended by the 2012 National Defense Authorization Act provides new authority for the Active and Reserve Components (Title 10) to assist our citizens and communities in the United States during domestic emergencies to save lives, prevent human suffering and mitigate great property damage.
Defense Support of Civil Authorities - Army.mil By definition, DSCA is support provided in response to requests for assistance from civil authorities for special events, domestic emergencies, designated law enforcement support, and other domestic activities. These categories, in many cases, can overlap or be in effect simultaneously, depending on the particular circumstances of the incident. DSCA may be provided by U.S. Federal military forces, National Guard forces performing duty under Title 32, DoD civilians, DoD contract personnel, and/or DoD units.
FEMA.gov This final rule establishes policy and assigns responsibilities for DSCA, supplements regulations regarding military support for civilian law enforcement, and sets forth policy guidance for the execution and oversight of DSCA when requested by civil authorities and approved by the appropriate Department of Defense (DoD) authority, or as directed by the President, within the United States
In the event of multiple, near simultaneous, geographically dispersed terrorist attacks in the United States, or the rapid spread of a pandemic, it is unknown if Governors would release their National Guard capabilities to support another state or a Federal Agency if there is a chance that resources would be needed in their home states. Many emergencies, disasters, or events affect more than one state. It is not realistic to expect Federal Departments or Agencies to coordinate requests for assistance or support with multiple States, Commonwealths, and Territories. Finally, there are some capabilities that are available only in the Active Duty military force or in DoD.
Federal Military Forces. Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force personnel (including Reserve Component personnel) on Federal active duty and National Guard personnel when under Federal command and control.
Immediate Response Authority. A Federal military commander's, DoD Component Head's, and/or responsible DoD civilian official's authority temporarily to employ resources under their control, subject to any supplemental direction provided by higher headquarters, and provide those resources to save lives, prevent human suffering, or mitigate great property damage in response to a request for assistance from a civil authority, under imminently serious conditions when time does not permit approval from a higher authority within the United States. Immediate response authority does not permit actions that would subject civilians to the use of military power that is regulatory, prescriptive, proscriptive, or compulsory. State immediate response is addressed in § 185.4(h) of this part.
Federal Register.gov G. The Department of Defense Civil Disturbance Plans (Pg. 102)
DoD’s Civil Disturbance Operations (CDO) plan was formerly known as “GARDEN PLOT.”51
Since the creation of the Department of Homeland Security and USNORTHCOM, DoD has
delegated to geographic combatant commanders responsibility for developing CDO Contingency
Plans (CONPLANs). “GARDEN PLOT” has since been replaced by the respective COCOM Plans.
These geographic commander CONPLANs provide guidance and direction for planning,
coordinating, and executing military operations during domestic civil disturbances.
Marines.mil The last formal Garden Plot plan was Headquarters Deparment of the Army, Department of Domestic Civil Disturbance Plan February 15 1991. There was also a 2001 plan prepared by the US Joint Forces Command, the force provider prior to the existence of NORTHCOM, USINCJFCOM FUNCPLAN 2502-98 Civl Disturbance Plan (FOUO), June 25, 2001, obtained by the author. The 1991 plan replaced Department of the Army plan. The 1984 plan was preceded by OPLAN 55-2, "Garden Plot," 1968 which was employed during the riots of 1967-1971,
USNORTHCOM Concept Plan (CONPLAN) 3502 Civil Disturbance Operations, replaced Garden Plot and CONPLAN 2502
American Coup Part II of this chapter overviews the historic laws and policies
that are the foundations for defense support to civilian authorities,
particularly in the context of support to law enforcement agencies
and the prevention of or response to civil disorders. This sets the
stage for a non-exhaustive historical assessment in Part III of 20th
and 21st century examples of defense support to civil authorities,
broken down into the eras of: the early to mid-20th Century; mid
to late-20th Century; the late 1970s through early 1990s: and the
so-called “Garden Plot” civil disturbance plan being revisited in
real-world application;
That plan, redesignated GARDEN
PLOT in 1967 (and still extant today) proved to be inadequate with
respect to aiding Army commanders in civil disturbance
situations;76 thus, subsequent collection plans (e.g., PUNCH
BLOCK, LANTERN SPIKE), with respect to military
counterintelligence collection and analysis, were separate from
any federal or local law enforcement capabilities.77
The years of 1967 and 1968 were especially significant—and
tragic—with respect to military support to civilian authorities. The
Newark, New Jersey riot response involved elements of the Army’s
108th Military Intelligence Group at Ft. Devens, Massachusetts,
and with the Army largely “limited to observing events
The Late 1970s through Early 1990s: Garden Plot Revisited
President Jimmy Carter established the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) under the 1978 Reorganization Plan
No. 3, and activated April 1, 1979, by Executive Order 12127.90
Executive Order 12148 shifted disaster relief efforts to the new
federal-level agency, and FEMA gained responsibility from DOD
for the nation’s Civil Defense.
Under the 1967 Garden Plot contingency plan, Joint Task
Force (JTF) 140 brought together Army, Navy and Coast Guard
elements, with a contingent from the US Marshals Service and the
FBI, for Operation Hawkeye, FEMA’s first major test of disaster
relief capabilities.94 Military Police, augmented by medical,
engineer, legal and other support personnel enforced a dusk-todawn curfew—but not martial law: they patrolled the island for
two months, securing key installations; worked with the FBI and
the US Marshals to apprehend several hundred escaped prisoners;
intercepted air-dropped bundles of cocaine valued at over $50
million; and carried out extensive training for the Virgin Island
National Guard and conducted joint patrols with the St. Croix
Police Department.95
[b]Six days in early May 1992 were filled with rioting, arson,
murder and mayhem on the streets of Los Angeles following the
controversial acquitting of officers involved in the Rodney King
beating.96 Garden Plot yet again became the contingency plan
under which some 10,000 activated California National Guard
troops served alongside 2,500 Active Component troops, and 1,700
federal law-enforcement officers from different agencies from
across the state to put down disturbances.[/b]
Washington & Lee.edu The SRUF cancel the Rules for the Use of Force (RUF)in Garden Plot. Garden Plot (the DoD Civil Disturbance Plan) has also been superceded in the United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) Area of Responsibility (AOR) by USNORTHCOM Concept Plan (CONPLAN) 3502.
DSCA Handbook Under the Insurrection Act, the President may use the National Guard (when called into Federal service),
reserves (when called to active duty), and members of the Armed Forces to enforce Federal laws or to
suppress the insurrection. DOD has an established protocol, the Commander, U.S. Joint Forces
Command Civil Disturbance Plan (“Garden Plot”). (Page 230)
National Strategy for Influenza Pandemic - CDC.GOV World Health Organization Declares Pandemic MANPOWER GUIDANCE - In Activation of SUPPORT OF CIVIL AUTHORITIES - Marines.mil